Significance
Diwali -- the Festival of Lights -- falls on the Amavasya (new moon) of Kartika, the darkest night of the year. It celebrates Lord Rama's triumphant return to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile and the defeat of Ravana. The people of Ayodhya lit thousands of earthen lamps to welcome their king, whose divine radiance dispelled all darkness. Diwali also marks the victory of Lord Krishna over the demon Narakasura (celebrated as Naraka Chaturdashi the day before), and the day Goddess Lakshmi roams the earth blessing homes filled with light. Spiritually, it is the invitation of inner light -- the light of consciousness -- to illuminate the home of the heart.
Preparation
Rituals & Vidhi
Naraka Chaturdashi (Choti Diwali)
On Chaturdashi, bathe before sunrise with scented oil to mark the defeat of Narakasura. Light 14 diyas in the evening.
Lakshmi-Ganesha Puja
At the auspicious Pradosh time (dusk), perform the main Diwali puja. Set up Ganesha and Lakshmi on a clean altar. Perform Panchamrit abhishekam, offer lotus flowers, and light the main diya.
Mantra: Om Shreem Mahalakshmyai Namah
Lighting the Diyas
Light clay diyas in every room, along windowsills, the rooftop, and the entrance. The home should be filled with light. Begin with the Tulsi plant and the threshold.
Bahi Khata Puja
For businesses, worship new account books (Bahi Khata) along with Lakshmi, marking the beginning of the new financial year with a prayer for prosperity.
Fireworks and Sweets
After puja, enjoy eco-conscious fireworks and distribute sweets to neighbors. Send gifts (Diwali mithai) to family members who could not visit.
Family Guidance
Have children make rangoli at the entrance. Let them light diyas under supervision. Tell the story of Rama's return to Ayodhya. Encourage them to prepare a small gift for a neighbor or the household help, embodying the spirit of sharing.